Eugene "Gene" Garfield
(born September 16, 1925 in New York City) is an American scientist,
one of the founders of bibliometrics and scientometrics. He received a
PhD in Structural Linguistics from the University of Pennsylvania in
1961. Dr. Garfield was the founder of the Institute for Scientific
Information, which was located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Following ideas inspired by Vannevar Bush's famous 1945 article As We
May Think, Garfield undertook the development of a comprehensive
citation index showing the propagation of scientific thinking, he
started the Institute for Scientific Information in 1955. The creation
of the Science Citation Index (SCI) made it possible to calculate
impact factors[1], which measure the importance of scientific
journals. It caused the unexpected discovery that a few journals like
Nature and Science were core for all of hard science. The same pattern
does not happen with the humanities or the social sciences.
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